Eskridge, Chris W. : University of Nebraska at Omaha
Summary
Chris W. Eskridge's Fourth Edition of CRIMINAL JUSTICE: CONCEPTS AND ISSUES (AN ANTHOLOGY) offers cutting-edge,
comprehensive coverage of the field of criminal justice. Thirty-six of these highly readable essays are new to
this edition, and they include the following topics:
Guns and homicide rates
How genetics affect criminal behavior
Wrongful convictions
Community policing and changing police work
Citizen complaints and problem officers
Challenges of transnational crime
Drug courts
Victim-offender mediation
Community prosecution programs
Difficulties in prosecuting domestic violence
Spirituality in probation
Preventing gang involvement
Do juvenile "boot camps" really work?
Parents and the control of juvenile delinquency
Addressing female juvenile offenders
The restorative model of justice
Explaining changes in crime rates
Each unit begins with a thorough, chapter-length introduction. Short, framing introductions preface each article,
putting material in context for the student. Discussion questions follow each unit. A subject index correlates
all topics to the chapters in which they appear.
The book also features synopses of 100 leading justice-related and Supreme Court cases as well as listings of
criminal justice-related professional organizations and information sources. A completely revised, comprehensive
Instructor's Manual/Testing Program is also available in electronic format.
Table of Contents
UNIT I: CRIME AND JUSTICE IN AMERICA
1. Justice and the American Justice Network Chris W. Eskridge
This article reviews basic concepts of justice and provides an overview of the justice system.
*2. Explaining the American and Canadian Crime 'Drop' in the 1990s Mark Ouimet
This article examines the reasons behind the decreasing crime rate, focusing on demographic shifts, improved employment
opportunities, and changes in collective values.
*3. Armed Americans: The Impact of Firearm Availability on National Homicide Rates Anthony W. Hoskin
This article examines the association between homicide rates and firearms availability.
*4. Black and White Differences in the Perception of Justice Deane C. Wiley
This article examines the differences in perceptions of justice in a sample of 318 African American and white respondents.
*5. Genetic Factors and Criminal Behavior Jasmine A. Tehrani and Sarnoff A. Mednick
This article examines the relationship between genetic traits and criminal behavior.
*6. Estimating Wrongful Convictions Tony G. Poveda
This article examines the topic of wrongful conviction and provides an estimate as to its frequency.
*7. The United States Supreme Court and the Fourth Amendment Evolution From Warren to Post-Warren Perspectives Jack E. Call
This article examines the shift in the nature of Supreme Court rulings regarding the Fourth Amendment over the
course of the last half-century.
UNIT II: AMERICAN LAW ENFORCEMENT
8. Police Crackdowns Lawrence Sherman
This article examines the idea of periodically rotating police crackdown efforts to achieve a greater law enforcement
deterrent effect.
*9. Community Policing: Is It Changing the Basic Functions of Policing? Findings From a Longitudinal Study of 200+
Municipal Police Agencies Jihong Zhao, Nicholas P. Lovrich, and T. Hank Robinson
This article examines change in the organizational priorities of the core functions of American policing in the
era of community policing.
*10. Police Culture, Individualism, and Community Policing: Evidence From Two Police Departments Eugene A. Paoline, III, Stephanie M. Myers, and Robert E. Worden
This article tracks the impact of change in the socioeconomic composition of the police ranks, as well as change
in the philosophic and organizational aspects of police departments associated with the movement toward the community
policing model on police culture.
*11. Patrol Officers and Problem Solving: An Application of Expectancy Theory Christina DeJong, Stephen D. Mastrofski, and Roger B. Parks
This article examines variation in police officers' problem-solving activities.
*12. Citizen Complaints and Problem Officers: Examining Officer Behavior William Terrill and John McCluskey
This article examines the dynamics of citizen complaints toward the police and compares the behavior patterns of
high-complaint and low-complaint officers.
13. Police Use of Deadly Force: Research and Reform James J. Fyfe
This article explores the historical aspects of the police use of deadly force, looking at problems and potential
solutions to this problem.
*14. Transnational Crime: Implications for Local Law Enforcement Kip Schlegel
This article examines the challenges faced by the law enforcement community as they deal with the increasingly
dynamic phenomenon of transnational crime.
UNIT III: AMERICAN COURTS
*15. The Origins and Development of Courts Richard E. Messick
This article examines the development of courts across time and contrasting cultures.
*16. The Drug Court as a Sentencing Model Gene Kassebaum and Duane K. Okamoto
This article examines the operation of drug courts and suggests an operative model for courts in general.
*17. The Impact of Victim-Offender Mediation: Two Decades of Research Mark S. Umbreit, Robert B. Coates, and Betty Vos
This article examines the victim-offender mediation model and provides a synthesis of 38 evaluation reports of
such programs.
*18. Prosecutors Discover the Community Brian Forst
This article examines community prosecution programs and reviews current operational limitations.
19. The Effects of Pretrial Publicity on Jurors Norbert L. Kerr
This article examines the impact of pretrial media publicity on the ability of jurors to make fundamentally fair
decisions.
*20. Expectations of Privacy? Jurors' Views of Voir Dire Questions Mary R. Rose
This article examines the issue of individual juror privacy contrasted with the utilitarian need for public disclosure
during the jury empaneling process.
*21. Victim Cooperation and the Prosecution of Domestic Violence in a Specialized Court Myrna Dawson and Ronit Dinovitzer
This article addresses the element of victim cooperation in the prosecution of domestic violence cases.
UNIT IV: AMERICAN CORRECTIONS
*22. The Future of Probation: Reintroducing the Spiritual Dimension Into Correctional Practice John T. Whitehead and Michael C. Braswell
This article examines the strength and weaknesses of multiple models of probation, including abolition and privatization,
and concludes that the restorative justice and spiritual models are the most promising.
23. Intermediate Sanctions in Sentencing Guidelines Michael Tonry
Until the early 1990s, intermediate sanctions and sentencing guidelines developed separately. This article examines
the experience of a number of states that have incorporated intermediate sanctions within the construct of sentencing
guidelines.
*24. Prison-Based Programming: What It Can Do and Why It Is Needed Daniel P. Mears, Sarah Lawrence, Amy L. Solomon, and Michelle Waul
This article argues for the need for prison-based programming and explores what types of programs seem to hold
the most promise.
*25. Denial of Parole: An Inmate Perspective Mary West-Smith, Mark R. Pogrebin, and Eric D. Poole
This article examines the parole process from the perspective of inmates.
*26. Community Supervision, Prosocial Activities and Recidivism Doris Layton MacKenzie and Robert Brame
This article examines the impact of intense community supervision on future offending.
27. Race, Religion, and Support for the Death Penalty: A Research Note Chester L. Britt
This article examines how race and religion jointly predict support for capital punishment among Americans.
*28. Beyond Correctional Quackery: Professionalism and the Possibility of Effective Treatment Edward J. Latessa, Francis T. Cullen, and Paul Gendreau
This article examines effective and ineffective treatment modalities, emphasizes the need for evaluation, and proposes
the profession become more evidence-based.
UNIT V: AMERICAN JUVENILE JUSTICE
*29. Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders: The Relationship of Delinquency Career Types to Adult Criminality Kimberly Kempf-Leonard, Paul E. Tracy, and James C. Howell
This article examines the criminal careers of 27,160 individuals from the time of their youth through age 26 and
explores various "pathways" to adult criminality.
*30. Preventing Adolescent Gang Involvement Finn-Aage Esbensen
This article examines such issues as gang growth, gang migration, and gang activities, suggesting a course of action
that individuals and communities may undertake to minimize gang involvement.
*31. A National Study Comparing the Environments of Boot Camps With Traditional Facilities for Juvenile Offenders Doris Layton MacKenzie, Angela R. Gover, Gaylene Styve Armstrong, and Ojmarrh Mitchell
This article examines 27 boot camps and compares their impact with 22 traditional juvenile facilities.
*32. Parental Efficacy and Delinquent Behavior: Do Control and Support Matter? John Paul Wright and Francis T. Cullen
This article explores the extent to which "parental efficacy" is able to respond positively to the challenges
of youth misbehavior.
*33. Sentencing Guidelines and the Transformation of Juvenile Justice in the 21st Century Daniel P. Mears
This article examines the development of sentencing guidelines as related to emerging issues and trends in contemporary
juvenile justice practices.
*34. Moving Toward Justice for Females Juvenile Offenders in the New Millennium Barbara Bloom, Barbara Owen, Elizabeth Piper Deschenes, and Jill Rosenbaum
This article is a national review of programs that seek to assist female juvenile offenders.
UNIT VI: THE FUTURE OF JUSTICE IN AMERICA
35. Understanding and Preventing Violence Jeffrey Roth
This article reviews the findings of the National Academy of Science Panel on the Understanding and Control of
Violent Behavior.
*36. Criminal Justice and the Future of Civil Liberties Marvin Zalman
This article examines the vague mixture of autocratic and democratic perspectives toward civil liberties that exist
within our justice system, predicting a future wherein this enigmatic condition will continue.
*37. Restoring Justice to the Community: A Realistic Goal? Susan Sarnoff
This article provides a critique of the restorative justice model, suggesting a number of practical limitations
to the notion, and offers a series of programmatic changes that will need to occur to attain this ideal.
*38. Wrongful Conviction and Public Policy C. Ronald Huff
This article examines the topic of wrongful conviction and explores the public policy implications for such errors.
APPENDICES
A. Criminal Justice-Related Professional Organizations
B.100 Leading Justice System-Related Supreme Court Cases
