# Barbara Clouse has taught all levels of college composition, first at Youngstown State University in northeastern Ohio and then at Slippery Rock University in western Pennsylvania. She has also written a number of composition texts. In addition to A Troubleshooting Guide for Writers, her books include The Student Writer: Editor and Critic, Jumpstart: A Workbook for Writers, Patterns for a Purpose: A Rhetorical Reader, and Transitions: From Reading to Writing, all written for McGraw-Hill. She has also developed Cornerstones: Readings for Writers, which is a short prose reader that is part of Primis, McGraw-Hill's custom publishing database. Barbara has also written Progressions with Readings and Conventions and Expectations: A Brief Handbook and Guide to Writing for Longman Publishers. A frequent presenter at national and regional conferences, Barbara often conducts workshops for writing teachers.

With a diverse selection of readings chosen to serve as both models for and springboards into student discussion and writing,Patterns for a Purposeis a rhetorically-arranged reader that encourages thoughtful use of the rhetorical patterns-either alone or in combination-to achieve various writing purposes. The detailed coverage of the writing process emphasizes the importance of critical reading and thinking, offers a rich variety of writing opportunities - including specific material on argument and persuasion.

Table of Contents

* New to this edition
1. Reading Critically
Critical Reading
Distinguishing Facts from Opinions
Making Inferences
Synthesizing Information
Evaluating Quality
Detecting Errors in Logic
Strategies for Critical Reading
Approach Your Reading with a Reflective and Questioning Attitude
Preview the Material
Do a First Reading
Reread and Study
A Sample Marked Essay
Keeping a Reading Journal
Strategies for Reading Visual Material Critically
Reading All Images
Reading Charts and Graphs
Reading Photographs
Reading Advertisements
Reading Selection: Mortimer Adler, How to Mark a Book
2. Planning an Essay and Using the Patterns of Development
Identifying and Considering Your Writing Context
Purpose
Audience
Role
Generating Ideas
Shaping a Writing Topic
Discovering Ideas to Develop Your Topic
Developing a Thesis
Location of the Thesis
Qualities of an Effective Thesis
Composing Your Thesis
Ordering Ideas
Outlining
The Scratch Outline
The Informal Outline
The Outline Tree
The Formal Outline
Using the Patterns of Development
Reading Selection: Gail Godwin, The Watcher at the Gates
3. Writing and Rewriting
Writing Your First Draft
Tips for Drafting
Essay Structure
The Introduction
Body Paragraphs
The Conclusion
The Title
Visualizing an Essay
Revising Your Draft
Tips for Revising
Revising with Peer Review
Editing Your Draft
Tips for Editing
Proofreading
An Essay in Progress: "The Not-so-ideal Male"
Reading Selection: Christopher Buckley, College Essay*
4. Writing in Academic Settings*
Writing in Response to Reading
Writing a Personal Response
Writing a Summary
Writing a Critical Analysis
Writing a Synthesis
Using the Readings in This Book as Sources
Paraphrasing
Summarizing
Quoting
Integrating Paraphrases, Summaries, and Quotations
Avoiding Plagiarism
Writing to Learn
Keeping a Learning Log
Rewriting Lecture Notes and Class Readings in New Ways
Using the Idea Generation Strategies
Writing with Your Classmates
Writing Explanations and Definitions for Different Audience
Reading Selection: Alan Brinkley, The Mall*
5. Description
The Pattern
Using Description for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Description beyond the Writing Classroom
Deciding on a Dominant Impression
Supporting Details
Objective and Expressive Details
Descriptive Words
Similes and Metaphors
Organizing Details
Visualiing a Descriptive Essay*
Thinking Critically about Description*
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Description
Checklist for Revising Description
Using Sources for a Purpose
Annotated Student Essay: The Gendarme
Examining Visuals: Description in Corporate Logos
N. Scott Momaday, The Homestead on Rainy Mountain Creek
Diane Akcerman, The World at Dawn: The Pleasure of Life Rekindled*
Annie Dillard, The Deer at Providencia
Gretel Ehrlich, Struck by Lightning
Barry Corbet, Embedded
Alberto Riós, The Vietnam Wall
Additional Writing Assignments
Responding to an Image*
6. Narration
The Pattern
Using Narration for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Narration beyond the Writing Classroom
Writing Dialogue
Organizing Details
Visualizing a Narrative Essay*
Thinking Critically about Narration*
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Narration
Checklist for Revising Narration
Using Sources for a Purpose
Annotated Student Essay: The Family Reunion, Revisited
Examining Visuals: Narration in a Cartoon
Chris Abani, The Lottery
Langston Hughes, Salvation
Shawn MacComber, Stripping Away Free Expression
John Schwartz, The Poncho Bearer
Natalie Kusz, Ring Leader
Lee K. Abbott, The View of Me from Mars
Additional Essay Assignments
Responding to an Image*
7. Exemplification
The Pattern
Using Exemplification for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Exemplification beyond the Writing Classroom
Hypothetical Examples
Organizing Details
Visualizing an Exemplification Essay*
Thinking Critically about Exemplification*
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Exemplification
Checklist for Revising Exemplification
Using Sources for a Purpose
Annotated Student Essay: Food for Thought
Examining Visuals: Exemplification in a Cartoon
Cullen Murphy, Lifosuction
Jennifer Saranow, The Snoop Next Door
Ralph Ellison, On Being the Target of Discrimination
Jeffrey Kluger, The Art of Simplexity
Jonathan Kozol, Untouchables
John Cheever, Reunion
Additional Essay Assignments
Responding to an Image*
8. Process Analysis
The Pattern
Using Process Analysis for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Process Analysis beyond the Writing Classroom
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Visualizing a Narrative Process Analysis*
Thinking Critically about Process Analysis*
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing a Process Analysis
Checklist for Revising a Process Analysis
Using Sources for a Purpose
Annotated Student Essay: A Visit to Candyland
Examining Visuals: Process Analysis in a Photograph
Dave Barry, Science: It's Just Not Fair*
Diane Cole, Don�t Just Stand There
Henry Louis Gates, Jr., In the Kitchen
Timothy Harper, Shoot to Kill
Jessica Mitford, Behind the Formaldehyde Curtain
Naomi Shihab Nye, The Traveling Onion
Additional Essay Assignments
Responding to an Image*
9. Comparison-Contrast
The Pattern
Using Comparison-Contrast for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Comparison-Contrast beyond the Writing Classroom
Choosing Subjects
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Visualizing a Comparison-Contrast Essay*
Thinking Critically about Comparison-Contrast*
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Comparison-Contrast
Checklist for Revising Comparison-Contrast
Using Sources for a Purpose
Annotated Student Essay: No Body's Perfect: Femael Self-Image in Two Narratives*
Examining Visuals: Comparison-Contrast in a Photograph
Bruce Catton, Grant and Lee: A Study in Contrasts
Anne Fadiman, Never Do That to a Book*
Alice Walker, Am I Blue?
*Deborah Siegal, The New Trophy Wife
Deborah Tannen, Squeaky Wheels and Protruding Nails: Direct and Indirect Speech
Arthur L. Campa, Anglo vs. Chicano: Why?
Robert Frost, Fire and Ice
Additional Essay Assignments
Responding to an Image*
10. Cause-and-Effect Analysis
The Pattern
Using Cause-and-Effect Analysis for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Cause-and-Effect Analysis beyond the Writing Classroom
Supporting Details
Avoiding Errors in Logic
Organizing Details
Visualizing a Cause-and-Effect Analysis*
Thinking Critically about Cause-and-Effect Analysis*
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Cause-and-Effect Analysis
Checklist for Revising Cause-and-Effect Analysis
Using Sources for a Purpose
Annotated Student Essay: Why Athletes Use Steroids
Andrew Sullivan, Why the M Word Matters to Me
Brad Stone, Web of Risks
James Surowiecki, Paying to Play
Carlin Flora, The Beguiling Truth about Beauty*
Brent Staples, Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space
Dorothy Siegel, What Is Behind the Growth of Violence on College Campuses?
Leslie Marmon Silko, Lullaby
Additional Essay Assignments
Responding to an Image*
11. Classification and Division
The Pattern
Using Classification and Division for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Classification and Division beyond the Writing Classroom
The Principle of Classification and Division
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Visualizing a Classification and Division Essay*
Thinking Critically about Classification and Devision*
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Classification and Division
Checklist for Revising Classification-Division
Using Sources for a Purpose
Annotated Student Essay: Strictly Speaking
Examining Visuals: Classification-Division in an Advertisement
Sissela Bok, White Lies
Martin Luther King, Jr. The Ways of Meeting Oppression
Bill Bunn, What's Really in Your Shampoo*
Thomas Friedman, Globalization: The Super Story
William Zinsser, College Pressures
Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
Additional Essay Assignments
Responding to an Image
12. Definition
The Pattern
Using Definition for a Purpose
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Definition beyond the Writing Classroom
Supporting Details
Organizing Details
Visualizing a Definition Essay*
Thinking Critically about Definition*
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Definition
Checklist for Revising Definition
Using Sources for a Purpose
Annotated Student Essay: Why did the Chicken Cross the Möbius Strip?
Examining Visuals: Definition in a Photograph
Stanley Fish, Conspiracy Theories*
Jonathan Rauch, Caring for Your Introvert
Jo Goodwin Parker, What Is Poverty?
Malcolm Gladwell, The Art of Failure
Jose Antonio Burciaga, I Remember Mama*
Pat Mora, Immigrants
Additional Writing Assignments
Responding to an Image*
13. The Law and Society: Contemporary Controversies
The Difference between Argumentation and Persuasion
Purpose and Audience
Combining Patterns for a Purpose
Argumentation-Persuasion beyond the Writing Classroom
Supporting Details
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
How Logos, Pathos, and Ethos Relate to Purpose and Audience
The Toulmin Model
Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
Induction
Deduction
Organizing Argumentation-Persuasion
Visualizing an Argumentation-Persuasion Essay*
Thinking Critically about Argumentation-Persuasion*
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Writing Argumentation-Persuasion
Checklist for Revising Argumentation-Persuasion
Using Sources for a Purpose
Annotated Student Essay: Cast Out of Kansas: Music Censorship in Public Libraries
Should the the Law Allow Payment to Organ Donors?*
National Kidney Foundation, Financial Incentives for Organ Donation
Sally Satel, The Case for Paying for Organ Donors
Should Juvenile Offenders Be Tried in Adult Courts?
The New York Times, Little Adult Criminals
Laurence Steinberg, Should Juvenile Offenders Be Tried as Adults?
Linda J. Collier, Adult Crime, Adult Time
Timothy Roche and Amanda Bower, Young Voices from the Cell
What Speech Does the First Amendment Protect on College Campuses?
Cinnamon Stillwell, Mob Rule on College Campuses
Charles R. Lawrence III, The Debate over Placing Limits on Racist Speech Must Not Ignore the Damage It Does to Its Victims
Harvey A. Silvergate and Greg Lukianoff, Speech Codes: Alive and Well at Colleges
Howard M. Wasserman, Fan Profanity
Robert O�Neil, What Limits Should Campus Networks Place on Pornography?
14. Combining Patterns of Development
Patterns for a Purpose
Using the Patterns of Development For a Purpose
Process Guidelines: Strategies for Combining Patterns
Annotated Student Essay: Taking Book Smarts to the Street
Examining Visuals: Combining Patterns on a Web Site
Elizabeth Svoboda, Closet Cases
George Orwell, A Hanging
Richard Rodriguez, Complexion
Pagan Kennedy, One Room, 3,000 Brains
Esther Thorson, Dissect an Ad
E. B. White, Once More to the Lake
15. Locating, Evaluating, and Drawing on Sources
Using Sources
Locating Sources
Evaluating Print and Internet Sources
Questions about Quality
Questions about Suitability
Drawing on Sources: Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Quoting
Documenting Sources (MLA Style)
Avoiding Plagiarism
In-Text Citations
The Works Cited Page
Annotated Student Essay: The Struggle to Belong
Appendix A: Document Design
Visuals for Essays
Tables
Pie Charts
Bar and Line Graphs
E-Mail Design
Power Point Slides
Web Site Design
Appendix B: A Guide to Common Errors*
Appendix C: Understanding Plagiarism*
Avoiding Intentional Plagiarism
Avoiding Unintentional Plagiarism
Including Points of Common Knowledge
Avoiding Plagiarism with Paraphrases
Avoiding Plagiarism with Quotations