"Women are the backbone of the church," says an old African-American aphorism. Since the 1660s, women
have made up the majority of members in almost all American religious groups. They have provided essential financial
and social support and worked tirelessly in the background of church-based activities. Throughout American history,
women have raised money for churches and synagogues, embroidered altar clothes, taught Sunday school, prepared
parish meals, and sung in the choir. They have educated their children in their beliefs and taken them to their
places of worship. Yet it is primarily men who have historically occupied the high rungs of church hierarchy and
made the important decisions affecting their congregations. Ann Braude examines the central role of women in American
religious history, focusing on their efforts to achieve greater recognition and equal rights,
their recent admission to religious leadership, and the emergence of feminist theology in the late 20th century.
Colonist Margaret Winthrop, African-American preacher Jarena Lee, Christian Science founder Mary Baker Eddy, and
Zionist leader Henrietta Szold are among the women discussed in these pages who have made major contributions to
the spiritual and material growth of religious organizations in America.