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Literature, Compact Edition
Literature, Compact Edition
Author: Roberts, Edgar V. / Zweig, Robert
Edition/Copyright: 5TH 12
ISBN: 0-205-00034-7
Publisher: Longman, Inc.
Type: Paperback
Used Print:  $77.75
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Author Bio
Summary
Table of Contents
 
  Author Bio

About Edgar V. Roberts

Edgar V. Roberts, Emeritus Professor of English at Lehman College of The City University of New York, is a native of Minnesota. He graduated from the Minneapolis public schools in 1946, and received his Doctorate from the University of Minnesota in 1960. He taught English at Minnesota, the University of Maryland Overseas Division, Wayne State University, Hunter College, and Lehman College. From 1979 to 1988, He was Chair of the English Department of Lehman College.

He served in the U.S. Army in 1946 and 1947, seeing duty in Arkansas, the Philippine Islands, and Colorado.

He published articles about the plays of Henry Fielding, the subject of his Ph.D. dissertation. In 1968 he published a scholarly edition of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera (1728), and in 1969 he published a similar edition of Fielding's The Grub-Street Opera (1731), both with the University of Nebraska Press. He first published Writing About Literature (then named Writing Themes About Literature) in 1964, with Prentice Hall. Since then, this book has undergone eleven separate revisions, for a total of twelve editions. In 1986, with Henry E. Jacobs of the University of Alabama, he published the first edition of Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing. After Professor Jacobs's untimely death in the summer of 1986, Professor Roberts continued working on changes and revisions to keep this text up to date. The Ninth Edition was published early in 2009, with Pearson Longman. The Fourth Compact Edition of Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing was published in 2008.

Professor Roberts is an enthusiastic devoté of symphonic music and choral singing, having sung in local church choirs for forty years. Recently he has sung (bass) with the New Choral Society of Scarsdale, New York (where he lives), singing in classic works by Handel, Beethoven, Bruckner, Bach, Orff, Britten, Brahms, and others. He is a fan of both the New York Mets and the New York Yankees. When the two teams play in inter-league games, he is uneasy because he dislikes seeing either team lose. He also likes both the Giants and the Jets. He has been an avid jogger ever since the early 1960s, and he enjoys watching national and international track meets.

Professor Roberts encourages queries, comments, and suggestions from students who have been using any of the various books. Use the following email address: [email protected].

About Robert Zweig

Robert Zweig is a tenured, full professor at Manhattan Community College of the City University of New York. He teaches courses in Literature and Writing and for many years was the Intensive Writing Coordinator for the college.

He has a doctorate in English Literature from the City University of New York, a Masters from Queens College in creative writing and a bachelor�s degree from Queens College in English literature. Dr. Zweig has numerous peer-reviewed publications in journals, encyclopedias and books. In addition, he is currently writing two textbooks for McGraw-Hill on the writing process, due out in 2011, another textbook, Grammar in the Modern World (Pearson) due out in 2011 and is co-author of Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, a bestselling introduction to literature textbook by Longman Publishers. His translations of the Italian poet and Nobel Laureate Eugentio Montale appear in this text.

Also, Dr. Zweig has lectured extensively throughout the United States and Italy on Victorian Literature, Poetics and contemporary culture. Some of the American universities he has addressed include Notre Dame, New York University, University of California, Harvard, University of Illinois, University of Delaware, Rutgers University and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York,

He has received several scholarships and awards, including a Mellon Fellowship and the Phi Beta Kappa award for �Outstanding Teaching Skills� as one of the Top Ten Professors at Manhattan Community College.

 
  Summary

Literature: An Introduction to Reading and Writing, Compact Editionis founded on the principles of writing about literature. It is not an afterthought and it is not treated as a separate chapter or appendix; but rather, it is the carefully integrated philosophy of Professor Roberts' approach to teaching literature and composition.

Complete coverage of writing about each element and a total of28 MLA-format student essays with accompanying commentary ensure student comprehension of writing about literature and therefore, produce better student papers.

 
  Table of Contents
Table of Contents ***** NEW SECTIONS ARE INDICATED WITH "(NEW)" AT THE END OF THE LINE. Detailed Contents Topical and Thematic Contents Preface PART I The Process of Reading, Responding to, and Writing About Literature What Is Literature, and Why Do We Study It? Types of Literature: The Genres Reading Literature and Responding to It Actively Alice Walker Everyday Use Mrs. Johnson, with her daughter Maggie, is visited by her citified daughter Dee, whose return home is accompanied by surprises. Reading and Responding in a Computer File or Notebook Sample Notebook Entries on Walker�s �Everyday Use� Major Stages in Thinking and Writing about Literary Topics: Discovering Ideas, Preparing to Write, Making an Initial Draft of Your Essay, and Completing the Essay Writing Does Not Come Easily�for Anyone The Goal of Writing: To Show a Process of Thought Discovering Ideas (�Brainstorming�) Study the Characters in the Work Determine the Work�s Historical Period and Background Analyze the Work�s Economic and Social Conditions Explain the Work�s Major Ideas Describe the Work�s Artistic Qualities Explain Any Other Approaches That Seem Important Preparing to Write Build Ideas from Your Original Notes Trace Patterns of Action and Thought The Need for the Actual Physical Process of Writing Raise and Answer Your Own Questions Put Ideas Together Using a Plus-Minus, Pro-Con, or Either-Or Method Originate and Develop Your Thoughts Through Writing Making an Initial Draft of Your Essay Base Your Essay on a Central Idea, Argument, or Statement The Need for a Sound Argument in Essays About Literature Create a Thesis Sentence as Your Guide to Organization Begin Each Paragraph with a Topic Sentence Select Only One Topic�No More�for Each Paragraph Referring to the Names of Authors Use Your Topic Sentences as the Arguments for Your Paragraph Development The Use of Verb Tenses in the Discussion of Literary Works Develop an Outline as the Means of Organizing Your Essay Basic Writing Types: Paragraphs and Essays Paragraph Assignment Illustrative Student Essay (First Draft): Mrs. Johnson�s Overly Self-Assured Daughter, Dee, in Walker�s �Everyday Use� (NEW) Completing the Essay: Developing and Strengthening Your Essay Through Revision Make Your Own Arrangement of Details and Ideas Use Literary Material as Evidence to Support Your Argument Always Keep to Your Point; Stick to It Tenaciously Check Your Development and Organization Try to Be Original Write with Specific Readers as Your Intended Audience Use Exact, Comprehensive, and Forceful Language Illustrative Student Essay (Improved Draft): Mrs. Johnson�s Overly Self-Assured Daughter, Dee, in Walker�s �Everyday Use� (NEW) Commentary on the Essay Essay Commentaries A Summary of Guidelines Writing Topics About the Writing Process A Short Guide to the Use of References and Quotations in Essays About Literature Integrate Passages and Ideas into Your Essay Distinguish Your Thoughts from Those of Your Author Integrate Material by Using Quotation Marks Blend Quotations into Your Own Sentences Indent Long Quotations and Set Them in Block Format Use an Ellipsis to Show Omissions Use Square Brackets to Enclose Words That You Add Within Quotations Be Careful Not to Overquote Preserve the Spellings in Your Source PART II Reading and Writing About Fiction 1 Fiction: An Overview Modern Fiction The Short Story Elements of Fiction I: Verisimilitude and Donn�e Elements of Fiction II: Character, Plot, Structure, and Idea or Theme Elements of Fiction III: The Writer�s Tools Visualizing Fiction: Cartoons, Graphic Narratives, Graphic Novels Dan Piraro, Bizarro � Art Spiegelman, from Maus (Expanded) Stories for Study AMBROSE BIERCE An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge A condemned man dreams of escape, freedom, and family. SANDRA CISNEROS �Mericans (NEW) Through an evil act, a man learns goodness. WILLIAM FAULKNER A Rose for Emily Even seemingly ordinary people hide deep and bizarre mysteries. TIM O�BRIEN The Things They Carried During the Vietnam War, American soldiers carry not only their weighty equipment but many memories. LUIGI PIRANDELLO War During World War I in Italy, the loss of a loved one outweighs all rationalizations for the conflict. Plot: The Motivation and Causality of Fiction Writing About the Plot of a Story Illustrative Student Essay: Plot in William Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily" (NEW) Writing Topics About Plot in Fiction 2 Point of View: The Position or Stance of the Work�s Narrator or Speaker An Exercise in Point of View: Reporting an Accident Conditions That Affect Point of View Point of View and Opinions Determining a Work�s Point of View Mingling Points of View Point of View and Verb Tense Summary: Guidelines for Points of View Stories for Study SHERMAN ALEXIE This is What it Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona (NEW) Two old acquaintances friends embark on a journey to recover the body of one of their fathers. SHIRLEY JACKSON The Lottery What would it be like if the prize at a community-sponsored lottery were not the cash that people ordinarily hope to win? JAMAICA KINCAID What I Have Been Doing Lately (NEW) Life develops from the repetition and recirculation of dreams and fantasies. LORRIE MOORE How to Become a Writer There is more to becoming a writer than simply sitting down at a table and beginning to write. Writing About Point of View Illustrative Student Essay: Shirley Jackson�s Dramatic Point of View in �The Lottery� Writing Topics About Point of View 3 Characters: The People in Fiction Character Traits How Authors Disclose Character in Literature Types of Characters: Round and Flat Reality and Probability: Verisimilitude Stories for Study T. C. BOYLE Greasy Lake (NEW) Young men discover more than a way to kill time at this local hangout. SUSAN GLASPELL A Jury of Her Peers In a small farmhouse kitchen, the wives of men investigating a murder discover significant evidence that forces them to make an urgent decision. KATHERINE MANSFIELD Miss Brill Miss Brill goes to the park for a pleasant afternoon, but she does not find what she was expecting. GUY DE MAUPASSANT The Necklace To go to a ball, Mathilde Loisel borrows a necklace from a rich friend, but her rhapsodic evening has unforeseen consequences. AMY TAN Two Kinds Jing-Mei leads her own kind of life despite the wishes and hopes of her mother. Writing About Character Illustrative Student Essay: The Character of Minnie Wright in Glaspell�s �A Jury of Her Peers� Writing Topics About Character 4 Setting: The Background of Place, Objects, and Culture in Stories What Is Setting? The Literary Uses of Setting Stories for Study JAMES JOYCE Araby An introspective boy learns much about himself when he tries to keep a promise. LU HSUN My Old Home (NEW) A man revisits his childhood home. CYNTHIA OZICK The Shawl Can a mother in a Nazi concentration camp save her starving and crying baby? EDGAR ALLEN POE The Cask of Amontillado Writing About Setting Illustrative Student Essay: The Interaction of Story and Setting in James Joyce�s �Araby� (NEW) Writing Topics About Setting 5 Structure: The Organization of Stories Formal Categories of Structure Formal and Actual Structure STORIES FOR STUDY RALPH ELLISON Battle Royal An intelligent black student, filled with hopes and dreams, is treated with monstrous indignity. HA JIN Saboteur (NEW) Wrongfully detained, a man has revenge as a meal to celebrate his escape. JHUMPA LAHIRI The Interpreter of Maladies (NEW) A tour guide learns about a troubled American family on a visit to ruins. EUDORA WELTY A Worn Path Phoenix Jackson, a devoted grandmother, walks a worn path on a mission of great love. TOM WHITECLOUD Blue Winds Dancing A Native American student leaves college in California to spend Christmas in his hometown in Wisconsin. Writing About Structure in a Story Illustrative Student Essay: The Structure of Eudora Welty�s �A Worn Path� Writing Topics About Structure 6 Tone and Style: The Words That Convey Attitudes in Fiction Diction: The Writer�s Choice and Control of Words Tone, Irony, and Style Tone, Humor, and Style Stories For Study KATE CHOPIN The Story of an Hour Louise Mallard is shocked and grieved by news that her husband has been killed, but she is about to have an even greater shock. ERNEST HEMINGWAY Hills Like White Elephants While waiting for a train, a man and woman reluctantly discuss an urgent situation. ALICE MUNRO The Found Boat After winter snows have melted in a small Canadian community, young people start making discoveries about themselves. FRANK O�CONNOR First Confession Jackie as a young man tells about his first childhood experience with confession. JOHN UPDIKE A & P As a checkout clerk at the A & P near the local beaches, Sammy learns about the consequences of a difficult choice. Writing About Tone and Style Illustrative Student Essay: Frank O�Connor�s Control of Tone and Style in �First Confession" Writing Topics About Tone and Style 7 Symbolism and Allegory: Keys to Extended Meaning Symbolism Allegory Fable, Parable, and Myth Allusion in Symbolism and Allegory Stories For Study AESOP The Fox and the Grapes What do people think about things that they can�t have? NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE Young Goodman Brown In colonial Salem, Goodman Brown has a bewildering encounter that changes his outlook on life. LUKE The Parable of the Prodigal Son Is there any limit to what a person can do to make divine forgiveness impossible? GABRIEL GARC�A MARQUEZ A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings How do simple villagers respond to a miraculous visitor who appears in their town? KATHERINE ANNE PORTER The Jilting of Granny Weatherall As the end nears, Granny Weatherall has her memories and is surrounded by her loving adult children. JOHN STEINBECK The Chrysanthemums As a housewife on a small ranch, Elisa Allen experiences changes to her sense of self-worth. Writing About Symbolism and Allegory Illustrative Student Essay (Symbolism): Symbols of Light and Darkness in Porter�s �The Jilting of Granny Weatherall� Second Illustrative Student Essay (Allegory): The Allegory of Hawthorne�s �Young Goodman Brown� Writing Topics About Symbolism and Allegory 8 Idea or Theme: The Meaning and the Message in Fiction Ideas and Assertions Ideas and Issues Ideas and Values The Place of Ideas in Literature How to Find Ideas Stories for Study TONI CADE BAMBARA The Lesson When a group of children visits a toy store for the wealthy, some of them draw conclusions about society and themselves. ANTON CHEKHOV The Lady with the Dog Bored with life, Dmitri Gurov meets Anna Sergeyevna and discovers previously unknown emotions and extremely new problems. D. H. LAWRENCE The Horse Dealer�s Daughter Dr. Jack Fergusson and Mabel Pervin find, in each other�s love, a new reason for being. AM�RICO PAREDES The Hammon and the Beans Is American liberty restricted to people of only one group, or is it for everyone? Writing About a Major Idea in Fiction Illustrative Student Essay: D. H. Lawrence�s �The Horse Dealer�s Daughter� as an Expression of the Idea that Loving Commitment is Essential in Life Writing Topics About Ideas 9 Four Stories for Additional Enjoyment and Study JOHN CHIOLES Before the Firing Squad During World War II, in Nazi-occupied Greece, a young German soldier learns the importance of personal obligations. CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN The Yellow Wallpaper Who is the woman who is trying to emerge from behind the yellow wallpaper? FLANNERY O�CONNOR A Good Man Is Hard to Find �The grandmother didn�t want to go to Florida. She wanted to visit some of her connections in east Tennessee. . . .� TOBIAS WOOLF Powder A young man and his father brave snowy roads hoping to meet an important deadline. 9A Writing a Research Essay on Fiction Selecting a Topic Setting Up a Working Bibliography (NEW) Locating Sources (NEW) Searching the Internet (NEW) Evaluating Sources (box) (NEW) Searching Library Resources (NEW) Important Considerations About Computer-Aided Research (box) Review the Bibliographies in Major Critical Studies on your Topic Consult Bibliographical Guides Gaining Access to Books and Articles Through Databases (NEW) Taking Notes and Paraphrasing Material Plagiarism: An Embarrassing but Vital Subject�and a Danger to be Overcome (box) Being Creative and Original While Doing Research Documenting Your Work (NEW) Strategies for Organizing Ideas in Your Research Essay Illustrative Student Essay Using Research: The Structure of Katherine Mansfield�s �Miss Brill� Writing Topics About How to Undertake a Research Essay PART III Reading and Writing About Poetry 10 Meeting Poetry: An Overview The Nature of Poetry BILLY COLLINS Schoolsville LISEL MUELLER Hope ROBERT HERRICK Here a Pretty Baby Lies Poetry of the English Language How to Read a Poem Studying Poetry Anonymous Sir Patrick Spens Poems for Study GWENDOLYN BROOKS The Mother WILLIAM COWPER The Poplar Field EMILY DICKINSON Because I Could Not Stop for Death ROBERT FRANCIS Catch ROBERT FROST Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening THOMAS HARDY The Man He Killed JOY HARJO Eagle Poem RANDALL JARRELL The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner BEN JONSON On My First Daughter DORIANNE LAUX The Life of Trees EMMA LAZARUS The New Colossus LOUIS MACNEICE Snow JIM NORTHRUP Ogichidag NAOMI SHIHAB NYE Where Children Live JOYCE CAROL OATES Loving OCTAVIO PAZ Two Bodies (NEW) PHIL RIZZUTO They Own the Wind (NEW) WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 55: Not Marble, Nor the Gilded Monuments PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY To � [�Music, When Soft Voices Die� ELAINE TERRANOVA Rush Hour WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey Writing a Paraphrase of a Poem Illustrative Student Paraphrase: A Paraphrase of Thomas Hardy�s �The Man He Killed� Writing an Explication of a Poem Illustrative Student Essay: An Explication of Thomas Hardy�s � Man He Killed� Writing Topics About the Nature of Poetry 11 Words: The Building Blocks of Poetry Choice of Diction: Specific and Concrete, General and Abstract Levels of Diction Special Types of Diction Syntax Decorum: The Matching of Subject and Word Denotation and Connotation Robert Graves The Naked and the Nude Poems for Study WILLIAM BLAKE The Lamb ROBERT BURNS Green Grow the Rashes LEWIS CARROLL Jabberwocky HAYDEN CARRUTH An Apology for Using the Word �Heart� in Too Many Poems E. E. CUMMINGS next to of course god america i JOHN DONNE Holy Sonnet 14: Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God RICHARD EBERHART The Fury of Aerial Bombardment BART EDELMAN Chemistry Experiment THOMAS GRAY Sonnet on the Death of Richard West A. E. HOUSMAN Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now CAROLYN KIZER Night Sounds DENISE LEVERTOV Of Being EUGENIO MONTALE English Horn (Corno Inglese) JUDITH ORTIZ [COFER] Latin Women Pray HENRY REED Naming of Parts EDWIN ARLINGTON ROBINSON Richard Cory THEODORE ROETHKE Dolor KAY RYAN Crib (NEW) STEPHEN SPENDER I Think Continually of Those Who Were Truly Great WALLACE STEVENS Disillusionment of Ten O�Clock MARK STRAND Eating Poetry WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Daffodils (I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud) JAMES WRIGHT A Blessing Writing About Diction and Syntax in Poetry Illustrative Student Essay: Diction and Character in Robinson�s �Richard Cory� Writing Topics About the Words of Poetry 12 Imagery: The Poem�s Link to the Senses Responses and the Writer�s Use of Detail The Relationship of Imagery to Ideas and Attitudes Types of Imagery JOHN MASEFIELD Cargoes WILFRED OWEN Anthem for Doomed Youth ELIZABETH BISHOP The Fish POEMS FOR STUDY ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING Sonnets from the Portuguese, Number 14: If Thou Must Love Me SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE Kubla Khan T. S. ELIOT Preludes LOUISE ERDRICH Indian Boarding School: The Runaways (NEW) SUSAN GRIFFIN Love Should Grow Up Like a Wild Iris in the Fields THOMAS HARDY Channel Firing GEORGE HERBERT The Pulley GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS Spring A. E. HOUSMAN On Wenlock Edge DENISE LEVERTOV A Time Past THOMAS LUX The Voice You Hear When You Read Silently EUGENIO MONTALE Buffalo (Buffalo) MARIANNE MOORE The Fish PABLO NERUDA Every Day You Play OCTAVIO PAZ The Street (NEW) EZRA POUND In a Station of the Metro MIKL�S RADN�TI Forced March FRIEDRICH R�CKERT If You Love for the Sake of Beauty WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 13: My Mistress� Eyes Are Nothing Like the Sun STEPHEN STEPANCHEV Seven Horizons (NEW) JAMES TATE Dream On Writing About Imagery Illustrative Student Essay: Imagery in T. S. Eliot�s �Preludes� Writing Topics About Imagery in Poetry 13 Figures of Speech, or Metaphorical Language: A Source of Depth and Range in Poetry Metaphors and Similes: The Major Figures of Speech Characteristics of Metaphorical Language JOHN KEATS On First Looking into Chapman�s Homer Vehicle and Tenor Other Figures of Speech JOHN KEATS Bright Star JOHN GAY Let Us Take the Road POEMS FOR STUDY JACK AG�EROS Sonnet for You, Familiar Famine WILLIAM BLAKE The Tyger ROBERT BURNS A Red, Red Rose JOHN DONNE A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ABBIE HUSTON EVANS The Iceberg Seven-Eighths Under THOMAS HARDY The Convergence of the Twain JOY HARJO Remember JOHN KEATS To Autumn MAURICE KENNY Legacy JANE KENYON Let Evening Come HENRY KING Sic Vita ROBERT LOWELL Skunk Hour JUDITH MINTY Conjoined PABLO NERUDA If You Forget Me MARY OLIVER Showing the Birds (NEW) MARGE PIERCY A Work of Artifice MURIEL RUKEYSER Looking at Each Other WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 18: Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer�s Day? WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 30: When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought ELIZABETH TUDOR, QUEEN ELIZABETH I On Monsieur�s Departure MONA VAN DUYN Earth Tremors Felt in Missouri DEBORAH WARREN Clay and Flame (NEW) WALT WHITMAN Facing West from California�s Shores WILLIAM WORDSWORTH London, 1820 SIR THOMAS WYATT I Find No Peace Writing About Figures of Speech Illustrative Student Paragraph: Wordsworth�s Use of Overstatement in �London, 1820� Illustrative Student Essay: A Study of Shakespeare�s Metaphors in Sonnet 3: �When to the Sessions of Sweet Silent Thought� Writing Topics About Figures of Speech in Poetry 14 Tone: The Creation of Attitude in Poetry Tone, Choice, and Response CORNELIUS WHUR The First-Rate Wife Tone and the Need for Control WILFRED OWEN Dulce et Decorum Est Tone and Common Grounds of Assent Tone in Conversation and Poetry Tone and Irony THOMAS HARDY The Workbox Tone and Satire ALEXANDER POPE Epigram from the French ALEXANDER POPE Epigram, Engraved on the Collar of a Dog Which I Gave to His Royal Highness POEMS FOR STUDY WILLIAM BLAKE On Another�s Sorrow ROBERT BROWNING My Last Duchess JIMMY CARTER I Wanted to Share My Father�s World LUCILLE CLIFTON homage to my hips BILLY COLLINS The Names E. E. CUMMINGS she being Brand /-new BART EDELMAN Trouble MARTIN ESPADA Bully (NEW) MARI EVANS I Am a Black Woman SEAMUS HEANEY Mid-Term Break WILLIAM ERNEST HENLEY When You Are Old DAVID IGNATOW The Bagel YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA Facing It ABRAHAM LINCOLN My Childhood�s Home PAT MORA La Migra SHARON OLDS The Planned Child ROBERT PINSKY Dying ALEXANDER POPEfrom Epilogue to the Satires Dialogue I SALVATORE QUAS�MODO Auschwitz ANNE RIDLER Nothing Is Lost THEODORE ROETHKE My Papa�s Waltz JANE SHORE A Letter Sent to Summer CATHY SONG Lost Sister (NEW) JONATHAN SWIFT A Description of the Morning DAVID WAGONER My Physics Teacher C. K. WILLIAMS Dimensions WILLIAM WORDSWORTH The Solitary Reaper WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS When You Are Old Writing About Tone in Poetry Illustrative Student Essay: The Speaker�s Attitudes in Sharon Olds�s �The Planned Child� Writing Topics About Tone in Poetry 15 Form: The Shape of Poems Closed-Form Poetry WILLIAM WORDSWORTH Fragment from The Prelude ALEXANDER POPE Fragment from The Rape of the Locke ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON The Eagle JOHN MILTON Fragment from Lycidas ANONYMOUS Spun in High, Dark Clouds WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 116: Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds Open-Form Poetry WALT WHITMAN Reconciliation Visualizing Poetry: Poetry and Artistic Expression: Visual Poetry, Concrete Poetry, and Prose Poems E. E. CUMMINGS Buffalo Bill�s Defunct GEORGE HERBERT Colossians 3:3 (Our Life is Hid With Christ in God) GEORGE HERBERT Easter Wings CHARLES HARPER WEBB The Shape of History JOHN HOLLANDER Swan and Shadow WILLIAM HEYEN Mantle MAY SWENSON Women CAROLYN FORCH� The Colonel POEMS FOR STUDY ELIZABETH BISHOP One Art BILLY COLLINS Sonnet JOHN DRYDEN To the Memory of Mr. Oldham ROBERT FROST Desert Places ALLEN GINSBERG A Supermarket in California ROBERT HASS Museum GEORGE HERBERT Virtue JOHN HALL INGHAM George Washington(from Ch. 17) JOHN KEATS Ode to a Nightingale YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA Grenade (NEW) MAGUS MAGNUS Empirical/Imperial Demonstration (NEW) CLAUDE McKAY In Bondage HERMAN MELVILLE Shiloh (from Ch. 17) JOHN MILTON On His Blindness (When I Consider How My Light Is Spent) DUDLEY RANDALL Ballad of Birmingham THEODORE ROETHKE The Waking GEORGE WILLIAM RUSSELL (�) Continuity WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 73 (from Ch. 17) PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY Ozymandias DYLAN THOMAS Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night JEAN TOOMER Reapers PHYLLIS WEBB Poetics Aga the Angel of Death WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS The Dance Writing About Form in Poetry Illustrative Student Essay: Form and Meaning in George Herbert�s �Virtue� Writing Topics About Poetic Form 16. Symbolism and Allusion: Windows to Wide Expanses of Meaning Symbolism and Meanings VIRGINIA SCOTT Snow The Function of Symbolism in Poetry Allusions and Meaning Studying for Symbols and Allusions POEMS FOR STUDY EMILY BRONT� No Coward Soul Is Mine PETER DAVISON Delphi JOHN DONNE The Canonization STEPHEN DUNN Hawk RALPH WALDO EMERSON Concord Hymn (From Ch. 17) ISABELLA GARDNER Collage of Echoes DAN GEORGAKIS Hiroshima Crewman JORIE GRAHAM The Geese THOMAS HARDY In Time of �The Breaking of Nations� GEORGE HERBERT The Collar JOSEPHINE JACOBSEN Tears ROBINSON JEFFERS The Purse-Seine JOHN KEATS La Belle Dame Sans Merci: A Ballad X. J. KENNEDY Old Men Pitching Horseshoes TED KOOSER Year�s End PHILIP LARKIN Next, Please DAVID LEHMAN Venice Is Sinking ANDREW MARVELL To His Coy Mistress MARY OLIVER Wild Geese KAY RYAN We�re Building the Ship as We Sail It (NEW) GARY SNYDER Milton by Firelight JUDITH VIORST A Wedding Sonnet for the Next Generation WALT WHITMAN A Noiseless Patient Spider RICHARD WILBUR Year�s End WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS The Second Coming Writing About Symbolism and Allusion in Poetry Illustrative Student Essay: Symbolism in Oliver�s �Wild Geese� Writing Topics About Symbolism and Allusion in Poetry 17. Four Major American Poets: Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, Langston Hughes, and Sylvia Plath EMILY DICKINSON�S Life and Work Writing Topics About the Poetry of Emily Dickinson POEMS BY EMILY DICKINSON (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED) After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes (J341, F372) Because I Could Not Stop for Death (J712, F479) (Included in Chapter 11, p. ) The Bustle in a House (J178, F118) I Cannot Live with You (J64, F76) I Dwell in Possibility (F466, J657) I Felt a Funeral in My Brain (J28, F34) I Heard a Fly Buzz � When I Died (J465, F491) I Like to See It Lap the Miles (J585, F383) I Never Lost as Much but Twice (J49, F39) I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed (J214, F27) Much Madness Is Divinest Sense (J435, F62) My Life Closed Twice Before Its Close (J1732, F1773) My Triumph Lasted Till the Drums (J1227, F1212) Safe in Their Alabaster Chambers (J216, F124) Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church (J324, F236) The Soul Selects Her Own Society (J33, F49) Success Is Counted Sweetest (J67, F112) There�s a Certain Slant of Light (J258, F32) Triumph May Be of Several Kinds (J455, F68), Wild Nights � Wild Nights! (J249, F269) Edited Selections from Criticism of Dickinson�s Poems 1. From �Orthodox Modernisms� � 2. �The Landscape of the Spirit� � 3. From �The American Plain Style� � 4. From �The Histrionic Imagination� � 5. From �The Gothic Mode� ROBERT FROST�S Life and Work Writing Topics About the Poetry of Robert Frost POEMS BY ROBERT FROST (CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED) The Tuft of Flowers (1913) Pan with Us (in Chapter 2, p. ) Mending Wall (1914) Birches (1915) The Road Not Taken (1915) �Out, Out�� (1916) The Oven Bird (1916) Fire and Ice (192) Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (1923) (In Chapter 11, p. ) Misgiving (1923) Nothing Gold Can Stay (1923) Acquainted with the Night (1928) Desert Places (1936) (In Chapter 18, p. ) Design (1936) The Silken Tent (1936) The Gift Outright (1941) A Considerable Speck (1942) Take Something Like a Star (1943) LANGSTON HUGHES� Life and Work Writing Topics About the Poetry of Langston Hughes POEMS OF LANGSTON HUGHES (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED) Bad Man Cross Dead in There Dream Variations Harlem Let America Be America Again Madam and Her Madam Negro The Negro Speaks of Rivers 125th Street Po� Boy Blues Silhouette Subway Rush Hour Theme for English B The Weary Blues SYLVIA PLATH�S Life and Work Writing Topics About the Poetry of Sylvia Plath POEMS OF SYLVIA PLATH (ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED) Ariel The Colossus Cut Daddy Edge The Hanging Man Lady Lazarus Last Words Metaphors Mirror The Rival Song for a Summer�s Day Tulips 18. Eighty-four Poems for Additional Enjoyment and Study AI Conversation (NEW) ANNA AKHMATOVA Willow (NEW) MAYA ANGELOU Still I Rise Still (NEW) ANONYMOUS (NAVAJO) Healing Prayer from the Beautyway Chant W.H. AUDEN, Musee des Beaux Arts LOUISE BOGAN Women ARNA BONTEMPS A Black Man Talks of Reaping EMILY BRONTE Love and Friendship (NEW) ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING Sonnets from the Portuguese: Number 43, How Do I Love Thee GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON She Walks in Beauty LEONARD COHEN �The killers that run . . .� BILLY COLLINS Days STEPHEN CRANE Do Not Weep, Maiden, for War Is Kind ROBERT CREELEY �Do you think . . .� E. E. CUMMINGS if there are any heavens CARL DENNIS The God Who Loves You JOHN DONNE Holy Sonnet 1: Death Be Not Proud PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR Sympathy [I Know What the Caged Bird Feels] T. S. ELIOT The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock JAMES EMANUEL The Negro CHIEF DAN GEORGE The Beauty of the Trees DANIEL HALPERN Snapshot of Hu� FRANCES E. W. HARPER She�s Free! ROBERT HASS Spring Rain ROBERT HAYDEN Those Winter Sundays A. D. HOPE Advice to Young Ladies GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS Pied Beauty CAROLINA HOSPITAL Dear Tia ROBINSON JEFFERS The Answer JOHN KEATS Ode on a Grecian Urn GALWAY KINNELL After Making Love We Hear Footsteps YAHIA LABABIDI What Do Animals Dream? (NEW) KATHERINE LARSON Statuary IRVING LAYTON Rhine Boat Trip PHILIP LEVINE Islands (NEW) ALAN P. LIGHTMAN In Computers LIZ LOCHHEAD The Choosing AUDRE LORDE Every Traveler Has One Vermont Poem AMY LOWELL Patterns MAGUS MAGNUS Radical Crumb (NEW) CLAUDE McKAY The White City N. SCOTT MOMADAY The Bear HOWARD NEMEROV Life Cycle of Common Man JIM NORTHRUP wahbegan MARY OLIVER Ghosts SIMON ORTIZ A Story of How a Wall Stands DOROTHY PARKER R�sum� LINDA PASTAN Marks MARGE PIERCY The Secretary Chant EDGAR ALLAN POE Annabel Lee ALBERTO R�OS The Vietnam Wall LUIS OMAR SALINAS In a Farmhouse CARL SANDBURG Chicago SIEGFRIED SASSOON Dreamers ALAN SEEGER I Have a Rendezvous with Death BRENDA SEROTTE My Mother�s Face WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 29: When in Disgrace with Fortune and Men�s Eyes WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE Sonnet 146: Poor Soul, the Center of My Sinful Earth KARL SHAPIRO Auto Wreck STEVIE SMITH Not Waving But Drowning GARY SOTO Oranges WILLIAM STAFFORD Traveling Through the Dark GERALD STERN Burying an Animal on the Way to New York WALLACE STEVENS The Emperor of Ice-Cream MAY SWENSON Question DYLAN THOMAS A Refusal to Mourn the Death, by Fire, of a Child in London JOHN UPDIKE Perfection Wasted TINO VILLANUEVA Day-Long Day JUDITH VIORST True Love SHELLY WAGNER The Boxes ALICE WALKER Revolutionary Petunias EDMUND WALLER Go, Lovely Rose WALT WHITMAN Beat! Beat! Drums! WALT WHITMAN Dirge for Two Veterans WALT WHITMAN Full of Life Now WALT WHITMAN I Hear America Singing JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER The Bartholdi Statue RICHARD WILBUR Love Calls Us to the Things of the World (NEW) WILLIAM CARLOS WILLIAMS The Red Wheelbarrow LISA ZARAN Go On (NEW) PAUL ZIMMER The Day Zimmer Lost Religion 18A Writing a Research Essay on Poetry Topics to Discover in Research Illustrative Student Essay Written with the Aid of Research: �Beat! Beat! Drums!� and �I Hear America Singing�: Two Whitman Poems Spanning the Civil War Commentary on the Essay PART IV Reading and Writing About Drama 19. The Dramatic Vision: An Overview Drama as Literature Performance: The Unique Aspect of Drama Drama from Ancient Times to Our Own: Tragedy, Comedy, and Additional Forms ANONYMOUS The Visit to the Sepulcher (Visitatio Sepulchri) How do the Three Marys respond to the news told by the angel? Visualizing Plays: Imagining Dramatic Scenes and Actions PLAYS FOR STUDY EDWARD ALBEE The Sandbox Mommy and Daddy take Grandma to a beach, but they plan more than relaxing in the sun. SUSAN GLASPELL Trifles In a small farmhouse kitchen early in the twentieth century, the wives of men investigating a murder discover significant evidence that forces them to make an urgent decision . BETTY KELLER Tea Party How do two aged ladies try to invite other people to come in and visit? JANE MARTIN Beauty (NEW) As Carla and Bethany talk together, they go through a transformational experience. EUGENE O�NEILL Before Breakfast What happens to people facing disappointment, anger, alienation, and lost hope? Writing About the Elements of Drama Referring to Plays and Parts of Plays Illustrative Student Essay: Eugene O�Neill�s Use of Negative Descriptions and Stage Directions in Before Breakfast as a Means of Revealing Character Writing Topics About the Elements of Drama 20. The Tragic Vision: Affirmation Through Loss The Origins of Tragedy The Ancient Athenian Competitions in Tragedy The Origin of Tragedy in Brief Aristotle and the Nature of Tragedy Aristotle�s View of Tragedy in Brief Irony in Tragedy The Ancient Athenian Audience and Theater Ancient Greek Tragic Actors and Their Costumes Performance and the Formal Organization of Greek Tragedy Plays for Study SOPHOCLES Oedipus the King Can anyone, even a powerful king, evade destiny or his own character? Renaissance Drama and Shakespeare�s Theater WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark An initial act of evil is like an infestation. Tragedy from Shakespeare�s Time to Our Own Writing About Tragedy Illustrative Student Essay: The Problem of Hamlet�s Apparent Delay Writing Topics About Tragedy 21. The Comic Vision: Restoring the Balance The Origins of Comedy Comedy from Roman Times to the Renaissance The Patterns, Characters, and Language of Comedy Types of Comedy Plays for Study WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE A Midsummer Night�s Dream The problems of lovers are resolved through the magic of the natural world, not through custom and law. Comedy Since Shakespeare ANTON CHEKHOV The Bear, A Joke in One Act A bachelor and a widow meet and immediately berate each other, but their lives are about to undergo great change. Writing About Comedy Illustrative Student Essay: Setting as Symbol and Comic Structure in Shakespeare�s A Midsummer Night�s Dream Writing Topics About Comedy 22. Four Plays for Additional Study and Enjoyment HENRIK IBSEN A Dollhouse (Et Dukkehjem) In their seemingly perfect household, Nora and Torvald discover the severe differences between them. LANGSTON HUGHES Mulatto On a Southern plantation in the 193s, a young man tries to assert his rights, but there are those who will not grant him any rights at all. LUIS VALDEZ Los Vendidos (NEW) This play takes place in a �lot,� but not the kind of lot we might ordinarily expect. August Wilson Biography The Background of Fences AUGUST WILSON Fences Troy Maxson, who as a young athlete could knock baseballs over fences, has led a life enclosed by other fences. Writing About Realistic and Nonrealistic Illustrative Student Essay: Realism and Nonrealism in Tom�s Triple Role in The Glass Menagerie Writing Topics About Dramatic Reality and Nonreality 22A Writing a Research Essay on Drama Topics to Discover in Research Illustrative Student Essay Written with the Aid of Research: �The Ghost in Hamlet� PART V Special Writing Topics About Literature 23 Critical Approaches Important in the Study of Literature Moral/Intellectual Topical/Historical New Critical/Formalist Structuralist Feminist Criticism/Gender Studies/Queer Theory Economic Determinist/Marxist Psychological/Psychoanalytic Archetypal/Symbolic/Mythic Deconstructionist Reader-Response 24. Three Types of Writing about Literature 1. Comparison-Contrast and Extended Comparison-Contrast: Learning by Seeing Literary Works together Guidelines for the Comparison-Contrast Method The Extended Comparison-Contrast Essay Citing References in a Longer Comparison-Contrast Essay Writing a Comparison-Contrast Essay Illustrative Student Essay (Two Works): The Treatment of Responses to War in Amy Lowell�s �Patterns� and Wilfred Owen�s �Anthem for Doomed Youth� Illustrative Student Essay (Extended Comparison-Contrast): Literary Treatments of the Conflicts Between Private and Public Life Writing Topics for Comparison and Contrast 2. Reader-Response: A Concentration on How a Reader�s Reactions Leads toward Interpretation Important Elements of a Reader Response Essay Illustrative Student Essay (Reader-Response): Opposite Personal Responses to W.H. Auden�s �Mus�e des Beaux Arts� Writing Topics for Reader-Response 3. Argument: The Use of Persuasive Reasoning as a Means of Developing the Capacity to Improve Understanding by the Organized Use of Details Defining an Argument Essay Important Elements of an Argument Essay Illustrative Student Essay (Literary Argument): Sammy�s Decision to Become an Adult Writing Topics for Literary Argument 25. Taking Examinations on Literature Answer the Questions That Are Asked Systematic Preparation Two Basic Types of Questions About Literature Appendixes I. Writing About Film II. MLA Recommendations for Documenting Sources A Glossary of Important Literary Terms Credits Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines
 

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