This book introduces students to the groups of vertebrates and explores the anatomical evolution of vertebrates within the context of the functional interrelationships of organs and the changing environments to which vertebrates have adapted. The text contains all of the material taught in classic comparative anatomy courses, but integrates this material with current research in functional anatomy. This integration adds a new dimension to our understanding of structure and helps students understand the evolution of vertebrates.

PART I: BACKGROUND FOR THE STUDY OF VERTEBRATE ANATOMY.

1. Introduction.
2. Phylogenetic Relationships of Chordates and Craniates.
3. Diversity and Phylogenetic History of Craniates.
4. Early Development and Comparative Embryology.
5. Form and Function.

PART II: PROTECTION, SUPPORT, AND MOVEMENT.

6. The Integument.
7. The Cranial Skeleton.
8. The Postcranial Skeleton: The Axial Skeleton.
9. The Postcranial Skeleton: The Appendicular Skeleton.
10. The Muscular System.
11. Functional Anatomy of Support and Locomotion.

PART III: INTEGRATION.

12. The Sense Organs.
13. The Nervous System I: Organization, Spinal Cord, and Peripheral Nerves.
14. The Nervous System II: The Brain.
15. Endocrine Integration.

PART IV: METABOLISM AND REPRODUCTION.

16. The Digestive System: Oral Cavity and Feeding Mechanisms.
17. The Digestive System: Pharynx, Stomach, and Intestine.
18. The Respiratory System.
19. The Circulatory System.
20. The Excretory System and Osmoregulation.
21. The Reproductive System and Reproduction.

PART V: CONCLUSION.

22. Conclusion/Epilogue.