This book balances coverage of theory, research, and data in order to promote a more complete understanding
of how human memory works. The book strikes a balance between historically significant findings and current research.
Actual experiments, both paper and pencil and online demonstrations, are included to help students see the link
between theory and data.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction and Historical Overview.
Introduction. Memory Metaphors. Memory Methodology. Memory Terminology. A Short History. Antiquity and the Middle
Ages. The Beginning of Modern Psychology. riti sh Empiricism and Continental Nativism. Scientific Psychology. Hermann
Ebbinghau s. Experiment: The Forgetting Function. Research After Ebbinghaus.
2. Sensory Memory.
Iconic Memory. Online Experiment: Partial Report Problems with Iconic Memory. Su mmary of Iconic Memory. Echoic
Memory. Theories of Echoic Memory: PAS. Experimen t: The stimulus suffix effect. Online Experiment: Suffix Effect.
Other Theories of Echoic Memory. Summary of Iconic Memory. Odor Memory. Summary of Sensory Memo ry.
3. The Modal Model.
Primary Memory. Broadbent's Model. Online Experiment: Absolute Identification. B rown-Peterson. Online Experiment:
Brown Peterson. Waugh and Norman's Model. Atki nson and Shiffrin's Model. Online Experiment: Sternberg Memory Scanning.
The Ser ial Position Curve and the Modal Model. Online Experiment: Serial Position. Prob lems with the Modal Model.
Experiment: Recency Effects in Free Recall. Summary o f the Modal Model.
4. Working Memory.
Baddeley's Working Memory. The Phonological Loop. Experiment: The Syllable-Based Word Length Effect. The Episodic
Buffer. Critique of Working Memory. Online Exp eriment: Memory Span. Working Memory as Activation. The Embedded
Processes Model . Working Memory Capacity. Online Experiment: Operation Span. The Feature Model. Simulations Using
the Feature Model. Critique of the Feature Model. Summary of Current Immediate Memory Theories.
5. Perspectives on Processing.
Levels of Processing. Experiment: Levels of Processing. Transfer Appropriate Pro cessing. Organization and Distinctiveness.
Encoding Specificity Principle. Onlin e Experiment: Encoding Specificity. Context and Memory. The Process Dissociation
Framework. What is Encoded? Summary.
6. Forgetting.
Consolidation Theory. Interference Theory. Decay versus Interference in Immediat e Memory. Experiment: Buildup
and Release from PI. Relative Distinctiveness. Onl ine Experiment: Von Restorff Effect. Any Evidence for Decay?
Forgetting as Discr imination.
7. Implicit Memory.
Implicit Learning. Online Experiment: Implicit Learning. Experimental Dissociati ons.Experiment: Priming Word
Fragment Completion. Theoretical Accounts of Implic it Memory. The Activation View. Multiple Memory Systems. Transfer
Appropriate Pr ocessing. The Bias View.Comparing Bias, TAP, and the Multiple Systems Views. Sum mary.
8. Memory, the Brain, and Amnesia.
The Neuron. The Brain. Methods of Investigation. Invasive Techniques. Noninvasiv e Techniques. Online Experiment:
Brain Asymmetry. Experiment: Laterality of Lang uage. Amnesia. HM: A Case Study. Theoretical Accounts of Amnesia.
Summary. Alzhe imer's Disease. Box: How can I tell the difference between Alzheimer's Disease a nd normal aging?
Box: What are the treatments for Alzheimer's Disease and are th ey effective? Summary. Multiple Sclerosis. The
Frontal Lobe. Where is Memory?
9. Recognition.
Signal Detection Theory. Experiment: Recognition and Signal Detection Theory. Si ngle Process Models. Generate-Recognize
Models. Beyond Simple Generate-Recognize Models. Remember versus Know. Online Experiment: Remember Know. Recollection
ve rsus Familiarity. The Mirror Effect. Face Recognition.
10. Knowledge.
Propositions and Concepts. Collins and Quillian's Hierarchical Model. The Featur e Overlap Model. Experiment:
Typicality Effects and Inference. Collins and Loftu s' Spreading Activation Model. Knowing That You Don't Know.
Priming. Online Expe riment: Lexical Decision. Alternatives to Spreading Activation. Comparing Spread ing Activation
and Compound Cue Theory. How is Generic Memory Organized? Capacit y and Acquisition.
11. Imagery.
Analog versus Propositional Representations. The Dual-Task Method. Paivio's Dual -Coding Theory. Experiment:
Dual Coding Theory. Mental Rotation. Online Experime nt: Mental Rotation. Distinguishing Propositional from Analog
Representation. Ar guments Against Imagery. Imagery and Perception. Real versus Imagined Events. Ei detic Imagery.
Other Forms of Imagery. Auditory Imagery. Odor Imagery.
12. Reconstructive Processes.
Schemas. Specific Schemas. Malleability of Generic Memory. Eyewitness Memory. Fl ashbulb Memories. Hypnosis
and Memory. The Cognitive Interview. Implanting Memor ies. Experiment: Memory for words not presented. Online Experiment:
False Memory . Recovered Memories. Memory Illusions.
13. When.
Data to be Accounted For. Models that Don't Work. Perturbation Theory. Experimen t: Memory for Position. The
Inference Model of Memory for When. Item Versus Orde r Information. Models of Serial Order.
14. Developmental Changes in Memory.
15. Mnemonics.
Can I Improve My Memory? The Bad News. The Good News. Online Experiment: Link Wo rd. Technical Mnemonics. Experiment:
Imagery and Mnemonics. Exceptional Memories .
