The primary purpose of the Clinical Applications Manual is to help students relate the biology of the human body to medical conditions they will encounter in their intended professions. Students will become acquainted with the dysfunctions and treatments of the organ systems described in the text.

1 Introduction to Clinical Applications Homeostasis and Disease The Study of Disease The Causes of Disease The Signs and Symptoms of Disease Diseases in Time Medical Personnel and Facilities

Case Study 1: The Children with Lead Poisoning Selected Clinical Terms 2 Diagnosing a Disease Medical Diagnosis The Chief Complaint Diagnosis as Hypothesis Testing The Process of Diagnosis 1. Medical History 2. Physical Examination 3. Laboratory Tests 4. Tests Performed on the Body Itself Final Diagnosis Terminology of Clinical Conditions, Signs and Symptoms

Case Study 2: The Singer with a Sore Throat Selected Clinical Terms 3 Treating a Disease The Aims of Therapy The Therapeutic Partnership Controlling Infections of Clinical Origin Some Treatment Approaches Terminology of Diagnosis and Treatment Basic Facts About Medication Routes of Administration Types of Drugs Pharmaceutical Abbreviations

Case Study 3: Drug Development and Scientific Method Selected Clinical Terms 4 Cellular Form and Function Organelles and Disease Mitochondrial Cytopathies Lysosomal Storage Diseases Pathogenic Organisms Viruses Bacteria Protozoa Fungi Multicellular Parasites

Case Study 4: The Unsuspecting Honeymooners Selected Clinical Terms 5 Genetics and Cellular Function Cancer Characteristics of Cancer Cells Cancer Detection and Diagnosis Cancer Treatment Hereditary Diseases and Genetic Counseling Interpreting Pedigrees

Case Study 5: At Risk for Hemophilia Selected Clinical Terms 6 Histopathology Cellular Injury and Tissue Damage Hypoxia Free Radicals Chemicals Nutritional Imbalances Temperature Extremes Some Signs and Effects of Cellular Injury Methods in Histopathology

Case Study 6: Breast Tumors- A Day in the Histopathology Lab Selected Clinical Terms 7 The Integumentary System Diagnosing Skin Disorders Common Skin Disorders Burns and the Rule of Nines Pressure Ulcers Allergic Contact Dermatitis Viral Infections Bacterial Infections Fungal Infections (Tinea) Parasitic Infestations Disorders of the Accessory Organs of the Skin Nails Acne

Case Study 7: The Itchy Physical Therapist Selected Clinical Terms 8 Bone Tissue Diagnosing Bone Disorders Common Bone Disorders Osteoporosis Osteomyelitis Osteochondrosis Bone Tumors

Case Study 8: The Bike Rider with a Broken Hip Selected Clinical Terms 9 The Skeletal System Diagnosing Skeletal Disorders Developmental Disorders of the Skull Acrania Craniosynostosis Disorders of the Vertebral Column Spina Bifida Vertebral Disorders Causing Low Back Pain Disorders of the Feet Foot Deformities Heel Pain

Case Study 9: The Boy Whose Feet Hurt Selected Clinical Terms 10 Joints Diagnosing Joint Disorders Arthritis Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis Ankylosing Spondylitis Bursitis Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

Case Study 10: The Woman with Sore Knees Selected Clinical Terms 11 The Muscular System Diagnosing Structual Disorders of the Muscular System Structural Disorders of Skeletal Muscle Rhabdomyolysis Myositis Muscle Tumors

Case Study 11: The Pitcher with a Sore Arm Selected Clinical Terms 12 Muscular Tissue Diagnosing Functional Disorders of the Muscular System Muscle Deconditioning and Disuse Atrophy Neuromuscular Disorders Botulism Tetanus Myasthenia Gravis Muscular Dystrophy Fibromyalgia The Clinical Use of