An engaging analysis of food production in the United States emphasizing that sustainable agricultural development
is important to community health.
While the American agricultural and food systems follow a decades-old path of industrialization and globalization,
a counter trend has appeared toward localizing some agricultural and food production. Thomas A. Lyson, a scholar-practitioner
in the field of community-based food systems, calls this rebirth of locally based agriculture and food production
civic agriculture because these activities are tightly linked to a community's social and economic development.
Civic agriculture embraces innovative ways to produce, process, and distribute food, and it represents a sustainable
alternative to the socially, economically, and environmentally destructive practices associated with conventional
large-scale agriculture. Farmers' markets, community gardens, and community-supported agriculture are all forms
of civic agriculture.
Lyson describes how, in the course of a hundred years, a small-scale, diversified system of farming became an industrialized
system of production and also how this industrialized system has gone global. He argues that farming in the United
States was modernized by employing the same techniques and strategies that transformed the manufacturing sector
from a system of craft production to one of mass production. Viewing agriculture as just another industrial sector
led to transformations in both the production and the processing of food. As small farmers and food processors
were forced to expand, merge with larger operations, or go out of business, they became increasingly disconnected
from the surrounding communities. Lyson enumerates the shortcomings of the current agriculture and food systems
as they relate to social, economic, and environmental sustainability. He then introduces the concept of community
problem solving and offers empirical evidence and concrete examples to show that a re-localization of the food
production system is underway.
"[Lyson] provides an excellent historical context on how Northeast growers, who traditionally sold their products
in local urban markets, have been able to resist somewhat the pressures to "go corporate" and in the
current century, preserve their land by embracing the CSAs, farmers' markets, and other forms of civic agriculture."--The
Community Farm
"An eye-opening read recommended for collections on agriculture, community development, economics of food
production and sociology."--Academia
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables � Acknowledgements - Introduction: Community Agriculture and Local Food Systems � Civic Agriculture
� Farming and Food Today � A Place for Civic Agriculture � Plan of the Book - From Subsistence to Production: How
American Agriculture Was Made Modern � Agriculture and Rural Life � The Emergence of Modern Economic Forms � Early
Agricultural Development � Three Agricultural Revolutions � The Social Construction of Modern Economic Categories
� Civic Economy, Economic Embeddedness, and the Informal Economy �The Civic/Embedded Economy in the United Satates
- Going Global: The Industrialization and Consolidation of Agriculture and Food Production in the United States
� From Craft Production to Mass Production � The Trend toward Concentration and Consolidation � Changing Geography
of Production �Distancing: Separating Production and Consumption � Control of Farmland � Labor Intensification
� Supply Chains - The Global Supply Chain � The Global Food System � The Jolly Green Giant as a Corporate Migrant
� Grocery Wars � Corporate Reach: The Men and Women behind the Food System �Whiter the Poor Customer? - Toward
a Civic Agriculture � Moving Toward Civic Agriculture � Theoretical Underpinnings of Civic Agriculture � Walter
Goldscmidt's Landmark Study � Production Districts � Two Models of Agricultural Development � Neoclassical Economics
Versus Pragmatism � Production versus Development Frameworks � Experimental Biology versus Ecological Biology �
Corporate versus Community Orientation � Corporate Middle Class versus Independent Middle Class � Political Process
and Power � Motors for Change � Civic Agriculture and Sustainable Agriculture � Why Didn't Small Business Flourish?
- Civic Agriculture and Community Agricultural Development � Profiling Civic Agriculture � Community-Supported
Agriculture � Restaurant Agriculture � Farmers' Markets � Roadside Stands � Urban Agriculture. City Farming, Community
Gardens � Measuring Civic Agriculture - From Commodity Agriculture to Civic Agriculture � Commodity Agriculture
� Refashioning Farming to fit the Marketplace � Reconnecting Farm, Food and Community: Tools for Change � Civic
Agriculture: Moving from the Marketplace to the Community.